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活板文言文翻譯注釋 活板文言文翻譯及原文

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活板文言文翻譯及原文（活板文言文翻譯注釋）

活板文言文翻譯注釋 活板文言文翻譯及原文

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沈括·《活板》英譯
板印書籍， 唐人尚未盛為之 。 自馮瀛王始印五經， 已后典籍皆為板本 。 慶歷中有布衣畢升， 又為活板 。 其法：用膠泥刻字， 薄如錢唇， 每字為一印， 火燒令堅 。 先設一鐵板， 其上以松脂、蠟和紙灰之類冒之 。 欲印， 則以一鐵范置鐵板上， 乃密布字印 。 滿鐵范為一板， 持就火煬之；藥稍熔， 則以一平板按其面， 則字平如砥 。 若止印三二本， 未為簡易；若印數十百千本， 則極為神速 。 <?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = “
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常作二鐵板， 一板印刷， 一板已自布字， 此印者才畢， 則第二板已具， 更互用之， 瞬息可就 。 每一字皆有數印， 如“之”、“也”等字， 每字有二十余印， 以備一板內有重復者 。 不用， 則以紙帖之， 每韻為一帖， 木格貯之 。 有奇字素無備者， 旋刻之， 以草火燒， 瞬息可成 。
不以木為之者， 文理有疏密， 沾水則高下不平， 兼與藥相粘不可?。徊蝗綮芡?， 用訖， 再火令藥熔， 以手拂之， 其印自落， 殊不沾污 。
升死， 其印為予群從所得， 至今保藏 。
考研·翻譯碩士：楊憲益·戴乃迭·英譯·沈括《活版》
Bi Sheng
Shen Kuo
BloCK printing was not widespread in the Tang Dynasty. After Feng Dao (1) printed the Five classics (2), all early books and records were handed down in woodblock editions. In the Qingli reign Bi Sheng, a commoner, invented typesetting. The movable type was made of pieces of clay as thick as a coin, each engraved with a character and baked. An iron board was prepared beforehand, covered with a layer of pine resin, wax and ash of paper. An iron frame was put on the board and the clay type was set within the framework to make up a full printing plate; the pine resin was then melted and a wooden board was pressed over the type to make the whole plate as level as a whetstone.
This was not a simple method if only a couple of copies were to be printed, but the speed was marvellous if printing hundreds or thousands. The usual practice was that two iron boards were employed in the process: when the first plate was being printed, the second plate was set up; when the first was finished, the second was ready for use. The two plates were used in turn and the printing could be done very quickly. Each character had several duplicates and such characters as “zhi” and “ye (3)” had over a score in case they were repeated in one plate. When the type was not in use, it was pasted on a piece of paper and stored in wooden cases. If an uncommon character had no ready-made type, it would quickly be engraved and baked over a straw fire.
The type was not made of wood because wood grain is fine in some places but coarse in others, and therefore the surface would be uneven when moistened with ink. Moreover, when wooden type is glued onto the iron board with pine resin and wax, it is difficult to dismantle afterwards: it is simple, however, with baked clay type; all you have to do is melt the pine resin and wax with fire again and brush the type off the board, which is then completely clean.
After Bi Sheng died, his type came into the posSession of one of my cousins and is still in his safe keeping.
【活板文言文翻譯注釋 活板文言文翻譯及原文】(1)Feng Dao (AD 882-954) was a chancellor in the Five Dynasties.
(2)Namely, the Book of Songs, Book of History, Book of Changes, Book of Rites and The Spring and Autumn Annals.
(3)Two characters frequently used in classical Chinese.（楊憲益、戴乃迭 譯）

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