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從雞蛋問題看SCI論文中abstract的寫作技巧 abstract怎么寫( 三 )

技巧論文寫作sciabstract雞蛋


例如， 類似這樣的語句：
The results provide an existence proof that spatial models can produce thepatterns of data in free association previously thought to be problematic forthis class of models.
通常， abstract僅限于一個段落， 但無論摘要有多短， 都應該至少包括三個核心要素（主題、方法和結論） 。
例如這個三要素的abstract例子：
以這個例子沒有介紹研究背景和意義等信息， 但同樣也是篇學術性的論文的abstract 。 也就是說abstract必須， 簡明扼要,一看就知道作者做了哪些工作,不看正文也知道文章里寫些什么!
以下這個五要素俱全的abstract則是個極有規范的摘要：

從雞蛋問題看SCI論文中abstract的寫作技巧 abstract怎么寫

文章插圖

03、常用的句型
又所謂“自古深情留不住， 唯有套路得人心”， 那么， SCI論文的abstract套路是什么呢？學術化一點的說法是， 關于abstract的語言結構化分析；通俗一點的說法是， 精心策劃的專門應對SCI論文abstract的模版化寫作方法， 即套路 。
從語言結構的角度看， 一個比較完整的三要素abstract通常由以下三個主要句型組成：主題句、支持句和結論句 。
1 主題句
abstract的第一句通常被稱為“主題句”， 表明論文需要回答什么的問題， 主題句總是直接指向主題或問題， 并指出論文的主要目的 。
例如：
The purpose of this paper is to explore the di?erentevent-related potentials (ERPs) elicited by higher and lower hierarchicallevels of rule shifting in a cue-target task.
下面列出一些經常用作主題句的句型：
The paper presents ...
The paper aims to provide ...
The primary goal of this research is ...
The purpose of this study is ...
The intention of this paper is to survey ...
The work presented in this paper focuses on several aspects of thefollowing ...
In this paper, the xx(hybrid) application of xx (decision tree andassociation rules) was o?ered to discover xx(a?liation)
The overall objective of this study ...
2 支持句
主題句后面通常跟著一句以上的支持句， 這些支持句進一步明確了要介紹SCI論文的主題或要解決的問題 。 這一部分的語句將提供研究方法、實驗、程序、調查、計算、分析結果和其他重要的SCI論文中的信息內容 。 因此， 這些支持句可以作為abstract的“主體”(main body) 。
例如：
Proposed method works in two phases. First phase is segmentation ofdigital mammogram to find region of interest (ROI). It consists of medianfiltering for noise removal, morphological processing for removing thebackground and suppressing artifacts, image enhancement techniques to improveimage quality followed by region growing algorithm for complete removal ofpectoral muscle. Second phase is image mining to find frequent image patternspresent in mammogram images using Association rule. It consists of featureextraction, optimization by selecting most discriminating features among them, discretizationof selected features and generation of transaction representation of inputimages. This is given as input to Apriori algorithm to generate associationrules.
以上這個例子， 基本把論文中所要實現的目標以及如何實現目標說得十分明確了 。
支持句的一般起始常用句型如下：
This paper investigates the ...
The approach adopted extensively is called ...
This paper developed and implemented a method for ...
A qualitative research approach was adopted to obtain ...
For that purpose, the model of ... was created.
This paper describes a workflow that ...
A method for combining ... and ... is proposed by introducing apurposely-build ... matrix.
The experiment consisted of xxx(three) steps which are described in...
結論句
結論句是abstract的結尾部分主要構成， 通常對結果進行分析， 說明應用效果， 并指出研究的創新點 。
例如：
The results provide an image of the state of the runway including damageon and under the surface, which are the most common causes of runwaydistortions. The data are automatically recorded in the newly establishedinformation system, which supports the decision-making regarding renovations andrunway maintenance. The measurement on the runway takes 30 min, which does notlead to a long closure of the airport and, thus, reduces traffic jams andadditional costs.
結論句的一般起始常用句型如下：
Results have shown that ...
【從雞蛋問題看SCI論文中abstract的寫作技巧 abstract怎么寫】 A set of experiments showed that the discovered ...
It is concluded that ...
The performance of our approach is evaluated using ...

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