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英語―什么叫懸垂分詞?

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英語―什么叫懸垂分詞?

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懸垂分詞也就是所指的分詞作狀語時，它的邏輯主語可以和主句的主語不一致的分詞 。高中階段常見的有:judging
by
/from,considering,providing(如果，有的語法家看作是連詞)，talking
of,generally
speakingprovided,supposed等 。
分詞或分詞短語在句子中作狀語時，其邏輯主語與句子的主語是一致的，如：Seeing these photos, I couldn’t help thinking of my childhood days. 如果分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致，這時候我們應該把主語在分詞前補充出來，如：All the money having been spent, we started to look for work.這就是分詞的獨立主格結構 。然而，當分詞的主語既非句子的主語，也非獨立主格結構，如：Going up thee hill, the city looked more beautiful. 這種分詞就叫作垂懸分詞 。主要有下面幾種：1．垂懸分詞引出話題Talking of pop stars, students felt very happy. (談到……)Getting back to our story, the tiger was killed finally. (回到……)Coming to this question, I say yes. (關于……)2．垂懸分詞引出說話的方式Generally speaking, men can run faster than women. (總的來說)Broadly/Roughly speaking, dogs are more faithful to man than cats.(大體上說)Strictly speaking, you can’t do it like that. （嚴格地說）Putting it mildly, you have caused us some inconvenience. (說得客氣點)Exactly speaking, it is two to two. (確切地說)Frankly/ honestly speaking, I don’t agree with you. (坦誠/坦白地說)Biologically speaking, the sentence structure is wrong. (從邏輯上講)3．垂懸分詞引出說話人的依據或視覺Judging from his expression, he is in a bad mood.(從….. 判斷)Compared with your achievement, mine is nothing. (與….. 相比較)Personally speaking, what you said is right.(就我個人而言)Considering the low price, the car is well worth buying. (從……考慮)4．垂懸分詞為說話人所說的話的成立提供條件，等于if 或withProviding (that) I am well enough, I will take part in the work. (如果)Supposing (that) it rained, what should we do?（如果、假如）Given better condition, the crops could have grown better. (等于with)5．垂懸分詞表示轉折，等于sinceGranting that you are right, you shouldn’t get angry.Seeing that he is young and inexperienced, he is not fit for the work.Admitting that he is drunk, that is no excuse.
懸垂分詞是泛指這一類結構,除了懸垂現在分詞短語、過去分詞短語外,它還應包括懸垂不
定式短語、懸垂動名詞短語、懸垂省略狀語從句等
1．懸垂現在分詞短語
/
過去分詞短語
如果句子的主語不能充當分詞短語的邏輯主
語,就會造成懸垂分詞短語.這時句子的主語往
往為物而不是人.如
：
(10)
W
alking along the lake
,the country scenery
presented a lovely show.
(11)
Sitting at the window
,a flock of birds flew
across the sky.
(12)
Weakened by his last illness
,another winter
in this country would kill him.
2.懸垂不定式短語
如果句子的主語在邏輯上不是不定式行為的
發出者,就形成了懸垂不定式短語.如
：
(13)
To speak English well
,a lot of practice is
needed.
(14)
To admit fresh air
,the windows were all
wide open.
3.懸垂動名詞短語
懸垂動名詞短語通常是指位于介詞后的動名
詞短語.句子的主語也應與這種動名詞構成邏輯
主謂關系,否則就造成懸垂動名詞短語.如
：
(15) By
building a railway there,
coal can be
carried out from the mountains.
(16) From
attending the class,
the principles of
physics were made clear.
4.懸垂省略狀語從句
如果在懸垂分詞短語前加上從屬連詞,就形
成了懸垂省略狀語從句.如
：
(17)
While reading the book
,the door bell rang.
(18)
Though troubled by heavy family cares
,the
【英語―什么叫懸垂分詞?】work was done as well as ever.

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